Hawthorne and Poe an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Hawthorne and Poe by Expert Hyperwriter | 19 Dec 2016 The works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are among the most recognizable in American literature because of their haunting mood and the disturbing, sad, sometimes dreadful feelings they evoke. But whereas Hawthorne was deeply concerned with the dark secrets of the human soul, his characters constantly finding themselves in the swirl of ethical debate, Poe made no such pretensions. While Hawthorne was a moralist who wrestled with sin and evil, Poe was a skillful craftsman who gave life to the phantasms that dwelt in the realm of his imagination. By analyzing some of their more popular works in this essay, we shall compare and contrast their use of perversion, mystery, and horror or the symbols thereof and to what extent they focus themselves on the nature of evil and sin. Need essay sample on "Hawthorne and Poe" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown probes the psychology of Puritan Salems witchcraft frenzy to offer insights into the moral complexity of human nature (Modugno). At dusk, Goodman Brown starts on a journey to the forest, passing through a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest to where the witches of the village congregate at midnight. Goodman Brown echoes the common mans dread when passing through such paths: What if the devil himself should be at my elbow! And sure enough, there appeared an old man with the twisted staff which bore the likeness of a great black snake. People Frequently Tell Us: I'm not in the mood to write my essay now. I don't have the time Specialists recommend: College Papers For Sale The setting in itself does not terrify, nor does the twisted staff: the realization that the entire village has fallen prey to witchcraft including the minister and Goody Cloyse who taught Goodman Brown catechism, and perhaps, his own wife Faith herself - does. When Goodman Brown finds Faiths ribbon in the forest, he is maddened with despair, crying: There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil; for to thee is this world given. Losing all hope, he plunges headlong into the forest. Yet all is not lost: while the leader of the fiend worshippers declares that Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness, Goodman Brown and Faith were the only pair, it seemed, who were yet hesitating on the verge of wickedness in this dark world. Before the mark of baptism was laid on their foreheads, Goodman Brown implores Faith to look up to heaven, and resist the wicked one. Whether it was all a dream or heaven intervened is not known, but the next morning Goodman Brown finds the town of Salem as it was before. But the experience had changed him: he now looks upon everyone with distrust. He could not listen to the singing of psalms during the Sabbath services. When the minister spoke from the pulpit with power and fervid eloquence . . .Goodman Brown turned pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers. Poes Ulalume also speaks of a lonesome journey into the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir: Here, once, through an alley Titanic/Of cypress I roamed with my soul/Of cypress with Psyche my soul. Psyche begs him to fly, seeing a star which she mistrust, but the poet/narrator prevails upon her to continue, until they arrive at a legended tomb that of the lost Ulalume. The poet/narrator cries in anguish upon realizing that it was on that very night a year before that he brought a dread burden down here. In this poem, Poe makes use of symbols (leaves that were withering, crisped, and sere; a miraculous crescent with a duplicate horn, the dim lake of Auber, the misty mid-region of Weir) only to set the mood, which is one of melancholy and dread, not to arouse any inner struggle about moral values. A reader accustomed to look for a moral in a story will find The Cask of Amontillado, a gothic tale of revenge written by Edgar Allan Poe, devoid of any allusion to conscience.The narrators only concern is to execute his vengeance in cold blood and escape unpunished. But here is an intriguing note: the narrator assumes the reader knows the nature of his (the authors) soul. Of course we do not know until we come to the climax, where the narrator (Montresor) entombs his friend Fortunato alive in a granite wall in the catacombs. Could it be that Poe believed every human soul was potentially capable of unbelievable cruelty? If so, he and Hawthorne have at least a thing in common: a Freudian belief in the latent animal nature of man. (Incidentally, Melville, a friend of Hawthorne, describes, in Moby Dick an angel as nothing but a shark well-governed). In The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe again narrates a murder most foul, provoked by what the killer perceived as the victims vulture eye. Here Poe describes from the murderers point of view how he committed the deed, and why he finally broke up, telling searchers to tear up the planks upon being tormented by the beating of the victims hideous heart. The narrators anguish is not caused by knowing he had committed a grave wrong: he is only concerned only with fear of punishment, like Montresor in The Cask of Amontillado. The constant allusion in Hawthornes works about the dark secrets concealed in the human heart also appears in The Ministers Black Veil, where the town parson surprises his parishioners by wearing a black crepe to hide his face. Till his last breath he refuses to remove the veil, resolutely clutching at it when it was to be forcibly taken away. His final words ring as an indictment against the hypocrisy of men and society. Why do you tremble at me alone? . . .Tremble also at each other! When . . .man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! on every visage a Black Veil! The black veil may be a symbol of sin, against which the stern moralists of Hawthornes day zealously guarded their congregations. Hawthorne probably saw through the Puritans impeccable religious conduct, or perhaps imagined that despite their avowals of faith they harbored sins known only to themselves. It is possible that Hawthornes works are an echo of the powerful sermons delivered by the likes of Cotton Mather in colonial America, making the sinners cringe in fear of hellish damnation. Rappacinis Daughter, another Hawthorne tale, tells of a young woman, Beatrice, who was exposed by her father from childhood to the flowers of a gorgeous shrub, inhaling its poisonous fumes until she became immune to it and possessed of the ability to kill by her breathe anyone who comes to her. To Dr. Rappacini, this made her terrible as she was beautiful. He chides his daughter for accusing him of having made her life miserable. Wouldst thou then, he says, have preferred the condition of a weak woman, exposed to all evil, and capable of none? Beatrice drinks the antidote which kills her. In this tale, Hawthorne explores the complexity of human nature. The poisonous flower may symbolize many things. Its outward appearance of beauty that secretly kills can be taken as the material things most people crave but instead of happiness bring them sorrow. Whereas Hawthorne wrote from the viewpoint of the conscience-stricken Puritan, Kennedy believes that Poes works were influenced by the violence of that period of American history: Writing in the wake of Charles Brockden Brown, Catherine Maria Sedgwick, and James Fennimore Cooper, all of whom depicted episodes of bloody cruelty, Poe was yet the first important American writer to foreground violence and to prove its psychological origin (4). Through the works of Poe, the reader can see his darkly passionate sensibilities: a tormented and sometimes neurotic obsession with death and violence and overall appreciation for the beautiful yet tragic mysteries of life (Merriman). To Hawthorne, the symbols of perversion, mystery, and horror in his works were but instruments to bring into focus, despite its aura of light and beauty, the horrible nature of sin. WORKS CITED Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Ministers Black Veil. 16 April 2007 Young Goodman Brown. Fictions. Ed. Joseph Trimmer. Fort Worth:Harcourt Brace College, 1998. 614. Rappacinis Daughter. Fictions. Ed. Joseph Trimmer. Fort Worth:Harcourt Brace College, 1998. 619. Kennedy, Gerald. A Historical Guide to Edgar Allan Poe. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000. 4 -5. Merriman, C.D. Edgar Allan Poe. 12 April 2007 http://www.online-literature.com/poe/> Modugno, Joseph R. The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692 and Young Goodman Brown. 12 April 2007. Poe, Edgar Allan. Ulalume 16 April 2007.

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buy custom Sickle Cell Anemia essay Toddler disorders came in a variety of complications with the sickle cell anemia being one of them. Commonly referred to as the sickle cell disease, the disorder is experienced in the blood with the causative agent being an inherited hemoglobin that is abnormal. It is this abnormal hemoglobin that is responsible for the distortion of the red blood cells is a process referred to as suckling thus the name Sickle Cell. The affected cells are left fragile and easily get ruptured. As a result of the rupturing of the red blood cells, their number decreases eventually leading to anemia. It is this condition that is termed as Sickle Cell anemia. The sickled cells assume irregular shapes that can easily get the blood vessels blocked leading to tissues and organs damage which is a painful experience. Of all the anemia cases, sickle cell forms the most common blood anemia that is inherited. The disorder mainly affects toddlers and is common with African Americans and Africans. Statistics have it that approximately fifty thousand African Americans in United States are afflicted with this disorder in it most severe form (Peterson 2008). One striking feature about sickle cell is that it is inherited in a form referred to as autosomal in which the gene fail to be linked to a related sex chromosome resulting to a recessive condition where the disorder traits are inherited in an autosomal dominant trait form. Patients suffering from sickle cell are born with two genes of sickle cell each form the parents. Articles on sickle cell anemia The complexity of the disorder and increased concerns has lead to several articles being published on the diseases. Though varying in the topics being discussed, there are some striking issues that most writers cannot afford to skip. Most articles focus on the impact of the disorder in society, the most affected races and age, possible medication and care of the affected patients and further research on better means of handling and dealing with the diseases. This research paper will concentrate on some of the already published articles on Sickle Cell anemia analyzing and summarizing the authors contribution in trying to offer solutions, recommendation and possible further research. The journal of Medscape on drugs, diseases and products by Jeffrey L Arnold is tackles sickle cell anemia by breaking down the disorder into several features about the disease namely; its background, anatomy, pathaphysiology, epidemiology, prognosis and patient education. Considering its background, Jeffery regards sickle cell disease as a genetic disorder that is caused by hemoglobin that is muted in the blood and refers to this of hemoglobin as hemoglobin S (HbS). Jeffery research states that the most common type of Sickle Cell anemia is the Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its variants are genetic disorders resulting from the presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS) (FindArticles.com 2011). The most common form of SCD is the homozygous kind found in North America. This type of the disease results in significant mortality and morbidity to people with Mediterranean origin and Africans. Most of the individual suffering from this type of sickle cell anemia undergoes v aso-occlusive crises but they vary depending on their frequency. However, each patient has a pattern of the occurrences that is consistent. This article concentrates on this particular type of the diseases giving every single detail about it. The patients will have their bones and joints experience low pain levels that are chronic. Special cases of this type of sickle cell occur when the carriers bare both HbS allele at the same time have a HbA allele in their hemoglobin. Such patients develop resistance to the type of malaria that is caused by Plasmodium falciparum (FindArticles.com, 2011). It is this resistance that is behind the persistence and distribution of this kind of gene in areas with malaria endemic. In other areas where malaria is not a problem like the United States, the trait poses a problem to children whose genes have both sickle cell genes from their respective parents. The article goes furher to state the period and time in which sickle cell manifest itself. The disease mainly affects the toddlers and manifests itself as early as six months old. Jeffery suggests possible means of detecting the disease in its early state by calling for the need to screen children in order to treat and control the disease in its early stages. Under anatomy, the article explains the anatomic distribution of the disease. In most cases the disease occurs mainly in the diaphyses found in the children small tubular and subchnondrium and metaphyses. In an effort to explain how the above occurrences come about, Jeffery brings out the phenomenon in which the HbS comes about as a result of mutation arising in the codon of gene chains (FindArticles.com, 2011). The result is a polymer formation and changes in molecular and solubility stability. There are these resulting conditions that are behind the sickling syndromes. The epidemiology section has it that the disease is prone among the blacks with varying frequencies in areas around the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean. Those from central Africa are at the highest risk of experiencing renal failure. Jeffery statistical research indicates that more than eight percent of the black Americans have the sickle gene. Of all the American population, more than two million carry the gen e with most of them being from African American ancestry (FindArticles.com, 2011). The article also takes a look at sickle cell prognosis and regards it as controlled and guarded. Its aim is to help the patients to have a life style that is close to normal and has few morbidity. In addition to the rich researched work offered in this article, it goes further to educate the patients about the disease. This is to enable them identify the disorder as early as possible so that they can seek treatment and help as prompt as they possible. The education covers the physical conditions behind the disease and the possible measures on immunization, genetic counseling and treatment. Another article on sickle cell disease is a research on the number of mortality resulting from sickle cell in a region in Africa. The article is written by Iris Schrijver from the Medicine department in Stanford University. This article is based on the World Health organization concern that Sickle Cell anemia has become a world problem with more half of the average six million births annually fail to reach teenage age because of sickle cell (FindArticles.com, 2011). While the disorders rate has been reducing in United Kingdom and United States, the rates are rapidly increasing in most parts of Africa. This alarming situation has called for the need of implementation and interventions to check on the worrying situation. The article explains the situation in Africa as to result from the lack of appropriate information. The article is based on a research to come up with the factors and incidence of the deaths caused by Sickle Cell anemia in Dar-es-Salaam which is the capital city of Tan zania a country in East Africa. To come up with practical results, the article covers a research carried out on the ground in one of the hospitals in Dar-es-laam in the period between 2004 and 2009. The findings of the research were that most of the mortality that was recorded occurred to children less than five years. The article associates these deaths to low hemoglobin among patients and high bilirubin. The other factors are lack of information about the disease among parents and children as well as under utilization of the health facilities and survive. The article ends by suggesting further research in order to find out the pathophysiology, etiology and possible strategies of managing the disorder. On the journal on alternative treatment of sickle cell anemia by Shirley Vanderbit focuses mainly on the treatments of the toddler disorder. Sickle Cell anemia has adverse and severe body damages, pain and anemia. The article researched on the methods that have been used in the recent past including hydration, pharmacology and blood transfusions. These past methods have been facing one major challenge and that is the limited resources. It is because of this failure off the existing treatment method that led to researchers to seek better and effective treatment methods. The article features better methods that can be used to serve as alternatives to the already existing ineffective methods. Some of the alternative methods include stem cell and bone transplants. A part from the recent breakthrough in the medical field concerning treatment of the deadly sickle cell anemia, the article still gives room for new and better treatment approaches. Most of the research is being focused on the pain caused by sickle cell anemia with alternative medicine and complimentary being adopted like the nonpharmacological methods. The alternative treatment as covered in this article include acupuncture, hypnosis that are biofeed-assisted, training in cognitive behavioral, progressive relaxation and nerve stimulation that is done electrically (FindArticles.com, 2001). This journal also identifies Africa as the origin and the most affected region. It further explains the process under which the blood cells go through to get sickled and the period in which the patients suffer from the disorder. Vanderbit comes up with an additional treatment termed as adjunctive treatment and makes use of a pilot study to demonstrate it. The study involved a team of specialists who were out in the field to find out how progressive muscle relaxation and massage therapy can be used as an adjunctive treatment to sickle cell anemia. The results of the study indicate that there is a promising affect in the use of adjunctive interventions when it comes to reducing pain caused by sickle cell anemia. Massage can also be used to ease the pain according to the study conducted (FindArticles.com, 2001). Articles comparison The three articles mentioned above have been written by different authors, at different periods of time, covering different issues but are all addressing the same Toddler disorder. Though the articles feature different issues about sickle cell anemia, there are similar issues that stood out in all the three articles. All the articles never failed to mention possible treatment methods and researches to find even better treatment methods. It is clear from the articles that Africa is the most affected region with the Africans and African Americans standing out as the most affected by the disease (Peterson, 2008). The articles also made it clear that the toddlers are the mostly affected by the disorder and that proper and better treatment and care methods should be researched on in order control the alarming rate. The process by which the hemoglobin in blood cells get sickled is also explained in the articles in order to make it easy for the researchers to understand the disease more. It is evident from the articles that there are still other better treatment methods that are yet to be discovered as each article had its own method or methods. Conclusion The severity of sickle cell anemia and the diversity of its impact in society pose the biggest challenge to every member of the society. It is this situation that calls for more research to be conducted in this medical field. The research should be concentrated on drugs to treat the disease. Possible break through include the development of laboratory mice that serve as specimens for testing new sickle cell treatment. Bone marrow transplantation has gained popularity in the recent past but it has its own limitations. The marrow used has to be from a sibling donor that is healthy matched and also the process involves many risks. A number of drugs are currently under research and are expected to reduce sickle cell complications. These drugs include; decitabine, hydroxyurea and butyrate which increase the fetal levels of hemoglobin. Other promising drugs include, Clotrimazole, Nitric oxide and L-arginine (Peterson, M., (2008). Great medical progresses are currently in progress to try re ducing the serous complications associated with sickle cell anemia and improve individuals survival. However, there is more still to be done to come up with new treatments to improve further the quality of life of those affected by the disease. Buy custom Sickle Cell Anemia essay

331 U.S.1, 67 S. Ct.1047,91 L.Ed.1301,1947 U.S.3021 Essay

331 U.S.1, 67 S. Ct.1047,91 L.Ed.1301,1947 U.S.3021 - Essay Example It was the genesis of the current tax law which states that if a buyer assumes a nonrecourse debt upon the sale of a property, that assumption will be equivalent to receiving cash proceeds from the seller of the property and thus should be included in the calculation of tax. The following section gives a brief of Crane v. Commissioner. (Lau, 2007).   The petitioner’s husband died and because she was the sole beneficiary of the will, she had to inherit all the property he owned. Among the property, there was an apartment he had built on mortgage. Therefore, the petitioner contracted with the mortgaging company to continue operating the property and remit the net rental to the company. The petitioner was the sole beneficiary of the will her husband had written. Her husband owned an apartment building and a lot which were subject to a mortgage. The apartment building was valued at 255,000 US dollars. The petitioner entered into an agreement with the mortgaging company to allow her continue operating the property. The agreement allowed the petitioner to remit the net rentals to the mortgaging company. The apartment building did not have equity and this was because the outstanding balance on the mortgage and the interest in arrearage equaled the total appraisal value of the apartment. This petitioner owned the apartment for seven years and during this time, she claimed depreciation deductions. The petitioner later sold the apartment to a third party for 3000 US dollars which she paid 500 US dollars for expenses incurred during the selling process. The third party also took the apartment subject to a mortgage. Because the petitioner believed that she had no basis on t he property, she took zero depreciation, and thus, the sale of the property generated a gain of 2500 US dollars. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue determined that the petitioner had realized a net taxable gain of 23, 767.03 US dollars. The Commissioner’s theory was that the property was not